Has the time come to include low-level laser photobiomodulation as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of impaired endometrial receptivity?
Author information
- 1
- Departement of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. drdody_as@hotmail.com.
- 2
- Departement of Medical Applications, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- 3
- Departement of Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
- 4
- Departement of Cytogenetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
- 5
- Departement of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used in photobiomodulation to promote healing, regenerate, and restore tissue function. Women with persistent thin endometrium were assumed to encounter diminished activity in the regenerative and functional capacity of their endometrium. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of LLLT in 635 nm wavelength to enhance the proliferation and gene expression of in vitro cultured endometrial cells. Single (SE) versus multiple exposures (ME) to LLLT were examined in the study groups and compared to controls. A fluence dose of 4.27 J/cm2 for 16 min was given once in the SE or divided in three equal sessions in days 2, 4, and 6 of the culture in ME. Cellular response was evaluated by measuring viable cell numbers and surface area. Pattern of MUC1, ITGA5, ITGB3, LIF, and PTEN gene expression was assessed using the qRT-PCR. Greater numbers of cells were found in both study groups (P < 0.001) as compared to controls. The surface area of cells at the end of culture phase was highly significant (P < 0.001) in ME when compared to SE and controls. A statistically significant difference was found in terms of gene expression in both irradiated groups (P < 0.001) as compared to controls, although greater difference in PTEN tumour suppressor gene (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) expression was toward ME. The introduction of LLLT to the armamentarium of infertility will serve as a new adjuvant therapy in this field. The current study proofed that LLLT was able to increase the proliferative and functional capacity of cultured endometrial cells.
KEYWORDS:
Cell culture; Endometrial receptivity; Gene expression; Infertility; Low-level laser therapy; Thin endometrium
Improvement of dairy cow embryo yield with low level laser irradiation.
Author information
- 1
Abstract
The goal of this study is to estimate the effects of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) on the superovulatory response according to the number of corpora lutea (CL), follicles (F) and the embryo yield. In recent years, while searching for new, more efficient and organic methods to improve superovulatory response and embryo yield with respect to the conventional methods, low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) is a more sensitive and less costly technology that can be used to improve animal reproduction, namely, artificial insemination and the embryo production system. The dairy-cow donors were treated for superovulation with Pluset®, at any time during the oestrus cycle, and the total dose per donor was 700 IU. The first group of the donors (n=25), test group (TG), was irradiated on the sacroiliac area for 180 seconds per day, from the 1st to 11th superovulatory treatment (ST) days in a row, with LLLI in the 870-970-nm wavelength, 65.93 J/cm dose, frequencies in the 20-2000 Hz range and pulse durations commonly in the range of about 1 second. For the second control group (CG) (n=25), the ST was performed without LLLI. After the ST, The mean number of CL in the right side ovaries in the TG was 25.43% (p<0.05) greater than in those of the CG. The number of total recovered and transferable embryos was greater in the TG compared with the CG by 28.97% (p<0.05) and 15.8% (p>0.05), respectively. With respect to conventional methods, LLLI can be used to improve the superovulatory response and embryo yield as a supplementary environment and animal-friendly method of treatment.
Effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on bovine sperm function.
Author information
- 1
- Laboratory of Spermatozoa Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 2
- Laboratory of in vitro Fertilization, Cloning and Animal Transgenesis, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 3
- Laboratory of Andrology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 4
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil.
- 5
- Laboratory of Spermatozoa Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. meoaa@usp.br.
Abstract
Fertilization rates and subsequent embryo development rely on sperm factors related to semen quality and viability. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is based on emission of electromagnetic waves of a laser optical system that interact with cells and tissues resulting in biological effects. This interaction is mediated by photoacceptors that absorb the electromagnetic energy. Effects are dependent of irradiation parameters, target cell type, and species. In sperm, PBMT improves several features like motility and viability, affecting sperm aerobic metabolism and energy production. The aim of this study was to investigate, under same conditions, how different output powers (5, 7.5, and 10 mW) and time of irradiation (5 and 10 min) of laser (He-Ne laser, 633 nm) may affect frozen/thawed bovine sperm functions. Results showed significant effects depending on power while using 10 min of irradiation on motility parameters and mitochondrial potential. However, no effect was observed using 5 min of irradiation, regardless of power applied. In conclusion, PBMT is effective to modulate bovine sperm function. The effectiveness is dependent on the interaction between power applied and duration of irradiation, showing that these two parameters simultaneously influence sperm function. In this context, when using the same fluency and energy with different combinations of power and time of exposure, we observed distinct effects, revealing that biological effects should be also based on simple parameters rather than only composite parameters such as fluency, irradiance and energy. Laser irradiation of frozen/thawed bovine semen led to an increase on mitochondrial function and motility parameters that could potentially improve fertilityrates.
Low–level laser therapy to recovery testicular degeneration in rams: effects on seminal characteristics, scrotal temperature, plasma testosterone concentration, and testes histopathology.
Author information
- 1
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Pathology of Reproduction, Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
- 2
- Laboratory of Semen Biotechnology and Andrology, Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
- 3
- Laboratory of Andrology and Embryo Technology, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
- 4
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Physiology – Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
- 5
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Pathology of Reproduction, Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil. celeghin@usp.br.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of low–level laser therapy (LLLT) to recovery testicular degeneration in rams. In the first study, rams were induced to testicular degeneration by scrotal insulation, and then, they were treated using LLLT at 28 J/cm(2) (INS28) or 56 J/cm(2) (INS56) energy densities. Sperm kinetics, morphology, and membranes integrity as well as proportion of lumen area in seminiferous tubule were assessed. In the second study, rams were submitted or not to scrotal insulation and treated or not by the best protocol of LLLT defined by experiment 1 (INS28). In this study were evaluated sperm kinetics, morphology, membranes integrity, ROS production, and DNA integrity. Testosterone serum concentration and proportion of lumen area in seminiferous tubule were also analyzed. Insulation was effective in promoting sperm injuries in both experiments. Biostimulatory effect was observed in experiment 1: INS28 presented smaller proportion of lumen area (P?=?0.0001) and less degeneration degree (P?=?0.0002). However, in experiment 2, there was no difference between the groups (P?=?0.17). In addition, LLLT did not improve sperm quality, and there was a decreasing for total and progressive motility (P?=?0.02) and integrity of sperm membranes (P?=?0.01) in LLLT-treated groups. Moreover, testosterone concentration was not improved by LLLT (P?=?0.37). Stimulation of aerobic phosphorylation by LLLT may have led to a deregulated increase in ROS leading to sperm damages. Thus, LLLT at energy of 28 J/cm(2) (808 nm of wavelength and 30 mW of power output) can induce sperm damages and increase the quantity of cells in seminiferous tubule in rams.
Light-emitting diode exposure enhances sperm motility in men with and without asthenospermia: preliminary results.
Author information
- 1Department of Urology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria. nadersalama58@yahoo.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the effect of lightemitting diode (LED) on sperm motility in men with and without asthenospermia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Semen samples from 27 men were assessed and washed. An aliquot was taken from each sample as a control. The remaining amount was exposed to red LED for 2, 5 and 10 minutes. Sperm motility from the test and control tubes were re-checked at the end of each time interval. In 11 of these 27 samples, the same protocol was repeated without sperm washing. Evaluation of sperm creatine kinase (CK) activity, hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test and aniline blue staining (ANBS) were undertaken after phototherapy in additional 15 samples.
RESULTS:
Progressive sperm motility increased significantly after LED treatment at the different time intervals whether in washed (p = 0.000) or non-washed (p = 0.003) samples. The amount of the increase in motility in washed aliquots was significantly more (p = 0.000) than in naive semen. Sperm CK activity increased, but was not significant whilst there were no changes regarding HOS and ANBS.
CONCLUSION:
Red LED is a promising safe tool to boost sperm motility in vitro. This may have a great implication on maximizing the possibilities and outcomes of intrauterine insemination trials.
Photobiomodulation with light-emitting diodes improves sperm motility in men with asthenozoospermia.
Author information
- 1
- Reproductive Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slajmerjeva 3, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia, helena.ban.frangez@gmail.com.
Abstract
Sperm motility is an important parameter of male fertility and depends on energy consumption. Photobiomodulationwith light-emitting diode (LED) is known to stimulate respiratory chain in mitochondria of different mammalian cells. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation with LED on sperm motility in infertile men with impaired sperm motility-asthenozoospermia. Thirty consecutive men with asthenozoospermia and normal sperm count who visited the infertility clinic of University Medial Centre Ljubljana between September 2011 and February 2012 were included in the study. Semen sample of each man was divided into five parts: one served as a non-treated (native) control and four parts were irradiated with LED of different wavelengths: (1) 850 nm, (2) 625, 660 and 850 nm, (3) 470 nm and (4) 625, 660 and 470 nm. The percentage of motile sperm and kinematic parameters were measured using a Sperm Class Analyser system following the WHO recommendations. In the non-treated semen samples, the average ratio of rapidly progressive sperms was 12% and of immotile sperm 73%. Treating with LED significantly increased the proportion of rapidly progressive sperm (mean differences were as follows: 2.83 (1.39-4.28), 3.33 (1.61-5.05), 4.50 (3.00-5.99) and 3.83 (2.31-5.36) for groups 1-4, respectively) and significantly decreased the ratio of immotile sperm (the mean differences and 95% CI were as follows: 3.50 (1.30-5.70), 4.33 (2.15-6.51), 5.83 (3.81-7.86) and 5.50 (2.98-8.02) for groups 1-4, respectively). All differences were highly statistically significant. This finding confirmed that photobiomodulation using LED improved the sperm motility in asthenozoospermia regardless of the wavelength.
Effect of 830-nm diode laser irradiation on human sperm motility.
Author information
- 1Department of Andrology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran, r_salman_yazdi@yahoo.com.
Abstract
Sperm motility is known as an effective parameter in male fertility, and it depends on energy consumption. Low-level laser irradiation could increase energy supply to the cell by producing adenosine triphosphate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how the low-level laser irradiation affects the human sperm motility. Fresh human semen specimens of asthenospermic patients were divided into four equal portions and irradiated by 830-nm GaAlAs laser irradiation with varying doses as: 0 (control), 4, 6 and 10 J/cm(2). At the times of 0, 30, 45 and 60 min following irradiation, sperm motilities are assessed by means of computer-aided sperm analysis in all samples. Two additional tests [HOS and sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) tests] were also performed on the control and high irradiated groups as well. Sperm motility of the control groups significantly decreased after 30, 45 and 60 min of irradiation, while those of irradiated groups remained constant or slightly increased by passing of time. Significant increases have been observed in doses of 4 and 6 J/cm(2) at the times of 60 and 45 min, respectively. SCD test also revealed a non-significant difference. Our results showed that irradiating human sperms with low-level 830-nm diode laser can improve their progressive motility depending on both laser density and post-exposure time.
The Proximal Priority Theory: An Updated Technique in Low Level Laser Therapy with an 830 nm GaAlAs Laser.
Author information
- Japan Medical Laser Laboratory, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS:
The 830 nm GaAlAs diode laser has played an extremely active role in low level laser therapy (LLLT) since the early 1980’s. Recently, the author modified his original proximal priority laser technique (PPLT), and the current article set out to explain the improved approach and show scientific evidence for its efficacy. Laser Therapy System: The laser therapy system used was based on the GaAlAs diode (OhLase-3D1, JMLL, Japan), delivering 60 mW in continuous wave at a wavelength of 830 nm in the near infrared with a power density at the tip of the probe head of approximately 1.2 W/cm(2). Proximal Priority Laser Technique: Under the author’s PPLT concept, the brain is the control center for the body so every other part of the body is distal to the head. The main blood supply to the head is through the carotid arteries, and the deep penetration of the 830 nm beam applied to the side of the neck can involve and photoactivate the external and internal carotids, increasing the blood supply to the brain and creating a systemic parasympathetic system-mediated whole-body effect. The author has added gentle neck-stretching, trunk-stretching and his distal tissue softening approaches concomitant with the irradiation which enhance treatment efficacy.
RESULTS:
Real-time fine-plate thermography has revealed whole-body warming as a result of the PPLT, with applications including chronic pain attenuation, female infertility and functional training of paraplegic cerebral palsy patients. The warming effect had a latency from hours to days, increasing in intensity and latency with subsequent PPLT sessions. Both Doppler flowmetry and SPECT have shown increased cerebral and systemic blood flow following PPLT.
CONCLUSIONS:
PPLT is easy to deliver and offers tangible results in a large range of conditions, enhancing the efficacy of diode laser LLLT.
Noninvasive laser therapy for outpatients with chronic inflammatory disorders of cervix.
Author information
- 1Medical-Center Themis Art, Iasi., University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T Popa Iasi, Faculty of Medicne.
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the cervix can develop cervical stenosis with infertility and cervical congestion is related with the cervical cancer. We create a review of main etiological agents and methods of screening and diagnosis. We also make a brief review of modern therapeutic approach.
CONCLUSIONS:
We follow the utility of LLLT through the following aspects: evolution, indications, results of Babe?-Papanicolau screening, cytology, clinical aspects. The results of the study will allow the complex system of treatment to be used in a large category of women. We appreciate that the procedure (used in our center also) will decrease the cervical pathology, the morbidity inside the treatment, the mortality through the evolution of cervical cancer. We propose the applicability for outpatients first and then as an integrated treatment method inside hospitals for a wide access.
Laser Ther. 2012 Jul 3;21(2):97-103. doi: 10.5978/islsm.12-OR-05.
Personal Overview of the Application of LLLT in Severely Infertile Japanese Females.
Author information
- Ohshiro Clinic; Japan Medical Laser Laboratory; and Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS:
The rapidly graying population in Japan is being compounded by the rapidly-dropping birth rate. The latter is mostly due to the later ages at which women are giving birth as the marriage age has also been increasing. Giving birth at a later stage is associated with problems for both mother and child, but for older would-be mothers the greatest problem is infertility, sometimes severe. The present article will show how the application of low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a potentially effective treatment for severe infertility.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Seventy-four females (average age 39.28 yr) with severe infertility in whom assisted reproductive technology (ART) had been unsuccessful (average of 9.13 yr) participated in the first part of a study from October 1996 – April 2000. LLLT was applied (830 nm, CW, GaAlAs 60 mW diode LLLT) in Ohshiro’s proximal priority technique (average 21.08 sessions) with or without other ART approaches. Based on successful outcomes, the study was then extended to March 2012, amassing a final total of 701 patients.
RESULTS:
Pregnancy was achieved in the first part of the trial in 16 patients (21.7% of 74) of whom 11 (68%) achieved successful live delivery. In the extended trial, pregnancy was achieved in 156 (22.3% of 701) with 79 live deliveries (50.1%).
CONCLUSIONS:
The use of 830 nm LLLT in the proximal priority technique at the parameters used in the present study, on its own or as an adjunct to other techniques, resulted in successful induction of pregnancy in just over 21% of severely infertile females, with a substantial number of these achieving live births. No adverse events were noted in any patient. LLLT is a pain-free and sideeffect free modality which could give hope to the increasing numbers of older females with infertility in Japan and potentially worldwide. Multinational studies are warranted.
KEYWORDS:
Artificial reproductive technology (ART); In vitro fertilization (IVF); gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT); insemination by donor (AID); insemination by husband (AIH); proximal priority technique; severe infertility; zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)
The effects of low–level laser light exposure on sperm motion characteristics and DNA damage.
Author information
- 1
- Toronto Centre for Advanced Reproductive Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of low–level laser light exposure on the motility of spermatozoa and on DNA damage. Thirty-three semen samples were collected for routine analysis and were classified as normospermic, oligospermic, or asthenospermic. After routine semen analysis was performed, residual semen was divided into treated and control aliquots. Treated samples were exposed to a 30-second infrared laser pulse of 50 mW/cm(2) at 905 nm, a wavelength thought to increase light-sensitive cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Samples were then incubated at 37°C, and aliquots were analyzed at 30 minutes and 2 hours using computerassisted semen analysis. After incubation, 250 ?L of each sample was frozen at 280°C until DNA fragmentation analysis by flow cytometry. A significant increase in motility, most prominent in oligospermic and asthenospermic samples (85% increase), was observed 30 minutes after the treatment (P < .0001). No significant increase in DNA damage compared with control samples was observed. Significant changes in sperm motion kinetics were observed. Low–level laser light exposure appears to have a positive short-term effect on the motility of treated spermatozoa and did not cause any increase in DNA damage measured at 2 hours. We conclude that some cases of asthenospermia may be related to mitochondrial dysfunction. The implications of this study in terms of future clinical applications needs further investigation.
Etiopathogenetic basis for using magnetolaser therapy in the complex treatment of male infertility.
Abstract
Up to 12-15% couples are infertile. The “responsibility” for infertility rests with the husband in 40-45% cases. The effects of routine drug therapy (n = 95) on a generative function are compared to those of magnetolaser therapy (n = 93) in 188 males with excretory-inflammatory infertility suffering from chronic prostatitis. Low-intensity laser infra-red radiation was used in a permanent magnetic field produced by Azor-2K unit. The magnetolaser therapy more significantly than the routine therapy raised concentration and number of mobile forms of the spermia, reduced their degenerative forms, elevated the level of serum sexual and gonadotropic hormones. In 1 year pregnancy occurred in 41.7 and 55.4% of 83 and 87 families (groups 1 and 2), respectively. The delivery took place in 35.8 and 49.7%, respectively.
Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 2009 Jan-Feb;(1):25-8.
Application of low-intensity laser radiation and endotoxin-binding preparations to the treatment of female infertility
[Article in Russian]
Enukidze GG.
A total of 38 women of reproductive age (from 20 to 45 years) with chronic inflammatory gynecological diseases including 7 with primary and 9 with secondary infertility were examined by standard clinical, instrumental, and laboratory methods. In addition, variations of such important characteristics as serum endotoxin level and activity of antiendotoxin immunity were measured. The study has demonstrated participation of chronic aggression of endotoxins (of intestinal origin) in pathogenesis of the disorders of interest. Inclusion of the “antiendotoxic component” in the combined therapy allowed the efficacy of the treatment of chronic inflammation and female infertility to be greatly enhanced. It suggests the important (if not decisive) role of bacterial lipopolysacchardides in the pathogenetic mechanism underlying the problems considered in this study.
Urologiia. 2003 Mar-Apr;(2):23-5. |
Etiopathogenetic basis for using magnetolaser therapy in the complex treatment of male infertility
[Article in Russian]
Iurshin VV, Sergienko NF, Illarionov VE.
Up to 12-15% couples are infertile. The “responsibility” for infertility rests with the husband in 40-45% cases. The effects of routine drug therapy (n = 95) on a generative function are compared to those of magnetolaser therapy (n = 93) in 188 males with excretory-inflammatory infertility suffering from chronic prostatitis. Low-intensity laser infra-red radiation was used in a permanent magnetic field produced by Azor-2K unit. The magnetolaser therapy more significantly than the routine therapy raised concentration and number of mobile forms of the spermia, reduced their degenerative forms, elevated the level of serum sexual and gonadotropic hormones. In 1 year pregnancy occurred in 41.7 and 55.4% of 83 and 87 families (groups 1 and 2), respectively. The delivery took place in 35.8 and 49.7%, respectively.
Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 1994 Mar-Apr;(2):24-6. |
The use of laser therapy for restoring the fertilizing capacity of the ejaculate in men with a chronic genital inflammation
[Article in Russian]
Voronin IuT.
The study aimed at investigation of laser radiation effect on reproductive male function which has failed as a result of genital inflammation, versus the efficacy of routine chemotherapy. The treatment was given to 50 males of reproductive age who had been infertile for 1-12 years. 25 of them (group 1) were exposed to laser, the other 25 received standard drugs. The responses were assessed clinically and by ejaculate potency. Due to laser application clinical and ejaculate characteristics improved in the absence of side effects either on the reproductive system or the body as a whole. The author recommends laser application for treatment of ejaculate infertility in males with chronic genital inflammation.
The transforming role of biological acceptor in the reaction of a low-intensive laser irradiation.
Burlakov A B et al.
The influence of low level laser on unfertilized oocytes and spermatozoons of fish was studied. HeNe and GaAs 862 nm was used. High quality eggs (fertilization above 70%) were not influenced by laser light. The development in eggs of mean quality (fertilization 30-60%) was boosted and the best effect was found in poor quality eggs (below 20%). The fertilization rate and the reduction of the number of abnormal developing embryos was measured. After temperatural inactivation both oocytes and spermatozoons, the irradiation not only restored the movability and fertilizating capacity, but also promoted the development of inactivated oocytes after fertilization by the irradiated sparmatozoons. Red and infrared light had different effects.
Lasers Med Sci. 2005 Apr 19; [Epub ahead of print
Effect of 655-nm diode laser on dog sperm motility
Corral-Baques MI, Rigau T, Rivera M, Rodriguez JE, Rigau J.
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain.
Sperm motility depends on energy consumption. Low-level laser irradiation increases adenosin triphosphate (ATP) production and energy supply to the cell. The aim of this study is to analyse whether the irradiation affects the parameters that characterise dog sperm motility. Fresh dog sperm samples were divided into four groups and irradiated with a 655-nm continuous-wave diode laser with varying doses: 0 (control), 4, 6 and 10 J/cm(2). At 0, 15 and 45 min following irradiation, pictures were taken of all the groups in order to study motility with computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA). Functional tests were also performed. Average path velocity (VAP), linear coefficient (Lin) and beat cross frequency (BCF) were statistically and significantly different when compared to the control. The functional tests also showed a significant difference. At these parameters, the 655-nm continuous-wave diode laser improves the speed and linear coefficient of the sperm.
Can HeNe laser improve fertility?
Abstracts LASERmed 97; p. 138, no 112
The fertilizing potential of mouse spermatozoa was positively affected by HeNe laser in vitro. Cohen et al at the Bar-Ilan University, Israel found that the Ca2+ uptake, mainly in the mitochondria, was improved after LLLT. The results suggest that the effect of 630 nm laser irradiation is mediated through the generation of hydrogren peroxide by the spermatozoa and that this effect plays an important role in the augmentation of the sperm cell’s capacity to fertilize in vitro.